White Heat

"Made it, Ma! Top of the world! One of the most famous movie quotes is from one of the best gangster and film noir films. Cody Jarret is a ruthless, insane gang leader who is excessively attached to his mother.This incestuous relationship adds a dynamic complexity to a film that delivers intensity on an emotional roller coaster at every frame. Write your own blog comment. You have become so good at analysis that I'm sure you will have plenty to write about.

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No Country for Old Men


Sheriff Ed Bell at the Motel
In desolate west Texas, Llewelyn Moss stumbles on a drug deal that has gone wrong. Sheriff Ed Bell becomes involves in the pursuit of the implacable murderer, Anton Chigurh, a psychopath who abides by a strange moral code of injustice that compels the viewer to examine the themes of destiny, free will, and chance.

Here are some ideas and questions to consider:

Does Chigurh represent the blind force of death? Compare and contrast Chigurh to the figure of death in The Seventh Seal? Write about Chigur's character. He seems to be the ultimate predatory animal. Why?
Write about the themes of destiny, free will, and chance. Why might the film have the title No Country for Old Men? Write about the role of money. Examine one or more characters, male or female. You could also relate the characters to one or more of the settings. How is one of the environments presented? How is an environment presented in relation to one or more of the characters? Choose a scene and write about this relationship. Examine the use of light and shadow. Are there elements of film noir? How is suspense created? Look at the use of the camera and camera angles. Relate them to a theme or idea. Discuss some of the imagery and the way it is presented. Is this film nihilistic? It could be argued that this film pits the hunter against the hunted.The veneer of civilization disguises the brutality at the heart of life. Write about this. Compare and contrast the wild west with the drug dealers. Choose a topic of your own to write about. If existentialism is about defining oneself in an indifferent universe, to what extent is this an existentialist film? You might choose a character to inform this idea.

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Pan's Labyrinth

Exploration of the dream world:
Pan's Labyrinth: the exploration of dreams
"In the fascist Spain of 1944, the bookish young stepdaughter of a sadistic army officer escapes into an eerie but captivating fantasy world" (IMBD). This powerful film is driven by the simplicity of a fairy tale that is used to explore the human subconscious. Fairy tales represent an external exploration of the dream world, and this film brilliantly layers fantasy and reality to form a world of beauty, love, violence, and danger that mirrors the human mind and reflects the deep concerns that people feel compelled to understand about life.

Here are some ideas to consider:
Fairy tales follow the rule of three (Cinderella and her two step sisters for example) Find some of them in the film to write about.
Notice the use of color and shape in the real and fantasy worlds. How are the colors and shapes different. Why? What emotional responses do you feel in each world?
What are some characteristics of the fawn? Is the fawn complex and ambiguous? Much of the film is about choice, conscience, obedience, and disobedience that reflect moral dilemmas. Find some examples in the characters. Ophelia is sexually immature and the film is partly concerned with a rite of passage into womanhood and independence. Comment on her evolution.
Think about gender relationships. The Captain thinks of women as objects. He is blind to their intelligence and does not notice Mercedes' aid to the rebels. He views Ofelia's mother as an object to give birth, and only a son is acceptable. The Captain embodies extreme machismo in which he views sadism as a virtue, and his use of instruments of torture become narcissistic objects. Another example is how he serves his own pleasure with a razor, and the ritualistic way he prepares himself for duty. Consider other gender relationships. Could the blind creature of the fantasy world mirror the Captain's cruelty and blindness? Does this correlate to the fanatical and one-dimensional nature of fascism? The Nazis had black boots and believed in absolute authority. Are there images of genocide or images that allude to other films or works of art? In this era of terror, does the natural become unnatural? Are there any examples? How does Del Toro make terror and cruelty more focused and authentic? Consider how the two worlds are juxtaposed to highlight this. How do objects, such as knives, doors, keys, etc work in different worlds. Ofelia carries a knife into the world of the blind creature, and Mercedes carries a knife in her apron. What are some other images that carry into both worlds? What is the significance of the Mandrake root? Could the world of Franco's fascist Spain be suspended in time (the constant reference to time and watches) that prevents its development into a humane society? Consider ideas about sacrifice and redemption. Several of the characters represent this. What are some of the religious themes that you notice? Del Toro says that "films are made of looks". What "looks" have you noticed and how are they used?






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There Will Be Blood

This film offers an unremitting view of the human motivations behind ambition, power, and control that underlie capitalism, religion, and family life. A brilliant performance by Daniel Day-Lewis presents a character relentlessly driven to succeed in the oil business-regardless of the consequences. In fact, Daniel Plainview apparently has no regrets about anything he does, and the name Plainview is an ironic twist for a character who uses ruthless chicanery to become wealthy. Nevertheless, this description represents only one view of a very complex character who cares for children and has many qualities that arouse the viewer's sympathies. One almost want to like Daniel despite his flaws. Unusual visual imagery and camera work, combined with a brilliant film score, impart a surrealistic, biblical quality to a film that plays on the metaphorically epic stage of heaven and hell once oil gushes from the ground, unleashing the forces of humans and nature.

Questions and ideas. You should also feel free to comment on anything not posed by the following questions and ideas:


What images are striking to you and why? How is the camera used to convey humans' relation to nature and to technology or what are its thematic implications ? Generally, discuss some of the uses of camera. Describe a character. humans and nature. What is the relationship Does this film have any similarities to silent films? If you are a fan of Sergio Leone and Spaghetti Westerns in which Clint Eastwood starred, do you see any stylistic resemblances? How does the director create eerie sensations? How does the director use music and sound? If existentialism is considered as defining oneself in an indifferent universe, to what extent could this be considered an existentialist film?

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The Triplets of Belleville




Synopsis from the press release:

Adopted by his grandmother, Madame Souza, Champion is a lonely little boy.Noticing that the lad is never happier than on a bicycle, Madame Souza puts him through a rigorous training process. Years go by and Champion becomes worthy of his name. Now he is ready to enter the world-famous cycling race, the Tour de France.However during this cycling contest two mysterious men in black kidnap Champion.

Madame Souza and her faithful dog Bruno set out to rescue him. However during this cycling contest two mysterious men in black kidnap Champion. Madame Souza and her faithful dog Bruno set out to rescue him.Their quest takes them across the ocean to a giant megalopolis called Belleville where they encounter the renowned "Triplets of Belleville," three eccentric female music-hall stars from the '30s who decide to take Madame Souza and Bruno under their wing. Thanks to Bruno's brilliant sense of smell, the brave duo are soon on to Champion's trail. But will they succeed in beating the devilish plans of the evil French mafia?

Their quest takes them across the ocean to a giant megalopolis called Belleville where they encounter the renowned "Triplets of Belleville," three eccentric female music-hall stars from the '30s who decide to take Madame Souza and Bruno under their wing.


Thanks to Bruno's brilliant sense of smell, the brave duo are soon on to Champion's trail. But will they succeed in beating the devilish plans of the evil French mafia?


The Triplets of Belleville is one of the most interesting and bizarre films you will see. It presents a surrealistic blend of humor, caricature, music, and geography to reflect upon French and American culture against the backdrop of bicycle racing and show business. All styles of music, cartoons, and numerous allusions to popular culture combine to present a film that looks backward to the silent film era and forward to a post-modernist commentary about contemporary society.

Instead of me posing questions, comment on the film in any way you would like. In addition to your comments, feel free to pose your own questions. You could consider the film in terms of surrealism, post-modernism, the visual and sound artistry,comedy, the juxtaposition of cultures, the use of silence and slow pacing in the film, and the visual and auditory presentation of theories from physics. Three people to look up are Fred Astaire, Josephine Baker and Django Reinhardt, famous entertainers from the twenties who appear as cartoon characters in the film's opening. This shows America's influence on French culture, and how the French are trying to maintain their own cultural roots in the context of globalization.

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Blade Runner Assignment

A Replicant Pris-a Replicant



Rick Deckard is a special police operative who hunts replicants (human copies) who have rebelled on distant asteroids and returned to earth. This reinterpretation of film noir style, borrowing heavily from imagery in "Citizen Kane", presents a dystopian future of alienation and a quest for identity.

Here are some ideas to consider for your blog:

What is identity and how it it defined? What is the nature of the human condition? How do the some of the characters try to find meaning in life? What does creativity mean? What is the power of the corporation and how do the characters react to it? What kind of advertising is there? Is there any way to escape it? What is the nature of memory? Is memory reliable? What are the moral implications of technology? When do humans become monsters? Does the film contain spirituality? What is the nature of God? Who could be God in this film? What do you think about the scene between Roy and Tyrell? How do music and sound contribute to the visual imagery? What mood and atmosphere does the film convey? What do you think about the Origami figures? Why might Rachel ask Deckard if he has had a "Voight-Kampff" test? What do you think about Sebastian as a toy maker? What do the replicants say about life and death? How might it relate to the human condition? What is the nature of consciousness? What role does memory play in consciousness? Are all the replicants aware that they are copies? Compare the use of visual imagery to images found in Citizen Kane. How are they alike or different? Can you see analogies to slavery? What are some examples? What does it mean to be human? Do the replicants fit the definition of humans? Are there any elements of post modernism in the film? (look up post modernism if you need to review)

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On the Waterfront Assignment

Terry and Edie




This gritty, realistic story of Mob informers is shot on location around the area of the docks in Hoboken, New Jersey. Terry Malloy, a former prizefighter, struggles with his awakening conscience in this story of sin and redemption. He utters the famous line "I could have been a contender" when he realizes that life has given him a second, yet more difficult chance to make a difference through a selfless and dangerous moral choice: Does he take the easy way out and give in to the mob, or does he stand up for what is right despite the consequences?

Here are some ideas and questions to consider for your blog:

What Christian images and themes do you notice? Be specific. Are the saint and the sinner really that far apart? What is required of a prizefighter and a saint? What are the similarities? What are the differences? What are the differences or similarities between this film's style and the French New Wave (The 400 Blows) cinema? Many of the characters have archetypal representations. Pick one or more of the characters and describe them in terms of what they represent. What does the film say about a meaningful life? Comment on the individual in relation to society. Can the individual make a difference? What pressures does the individual face? Notice the use of camera, music, and lighting. Pick one or more of them and comment on how are they used for dramatic effect. How does Kazan, the director, use scene cutting and editing to tell the story or emphasize themes? What attributes of the film are uniquely American? What does the film say about America, the individual, and society?



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Duck Soup Assignment

This classic is a hallmark of the zany and outlandish comedic style that certainly influenced Mel Brooks and the creators of the Monty Python films. No social convention or human behavior is immune from the absurdity of the Marx Brothers' verbal and visual humor. Using buffoonery to show a lack of respect for political institutions was very controversial in its day, particularly since the world was beset by the economic crisis of the Great Depression in 1933. Many people saw the resulting rise of fascism in German and Italy as a solution to potential social and political anarchy. Mussolini thought the film was an insult to his power and banned its showing. The Marx Brothers absurd, anarchical humor and cynicism quickly deflate human pompousness. Every pretension is fair game for a ruthless commentary about life's absurdities.

Some questions to consider:
An interesting but abstract question is: What makes this film funny? Pick a particular scene, describe it, and then try to determine why you laugh. What are the kinds of comic devices and types of humor that are used? Near the end of the film, you will notice that Rufus wears a different uniform in almost every scene. Why? What are some of the effronteries (look it up) that the film explores? Pick one of the characters in the film. Describe him or her and comment on the type of humor that is presented. This could also be analyzed in terms of paired characters. One character is the provocateur (jokester) and the other is the "straight man or woman". Comment on the use of puns. Can you give any examples? What does the film say about the human condition. Why is humor so important to us? What is satire and can you give an example in the film? What are some purposes of satire? Why is satire often the darkest form of comedy?

Rufus T. Firefly, the leader of Freedonia, is deep in thought.

Rufus T. Firefly Deep in Thought

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The Birth of a Nation Assignment

This landmark film was the first to explore the potential of cinema as a medium. Previously, directors had seen cinema as simply a play that was filmed. Griffith transcended the static nature of this approach by using camera angles, cross cutting, the iris and other techniques to explore human emotions and to extend dramatic effects. Controversy emerged from the moment of its release because it is a great film filled with racism and stereotyping. The Birth of a Nation presents a fascinating example of American attitudes and sensibilities, and is an interesting document of social and artistic history.

Here are some ideas to consider when you write this blog. You can also write about something of interest to you that is not posed by the questions below.

How does Griffith employ cross cutting? Why might this technique suit this story? How are camera angels used? How does Griffith explore emotions? How does Griffith organize his story telling? How does he convey personal stories within the larger context of the nation's history? What are some themes the film presents? How does Griffith develop these themes cinematically?
What kinds of editing does Griffith employ? Select a particular scene from the movie. Describe how Griffith uses the camera and editing to develop his ideas. Discuss the use of the iris and masking. What is its purpose?

Here are some additional ideas to think about when you write your second blog. You may also write about your own insights or use questions from the first blog prompt.

How does Griffith use the camera to develop themes or to show relationships among the characters? How does Griffith employ foreground and background? Describe aspects of the battle scene. How does he present the story? How does Griffith present the human element within the larger scope of history? Give an example. What are some symbols Griffith uses to develop his themes?

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Cinema Paradiso Assignment

The director as a child and his friendThis touching film captures the relationship between Alfredo, a film projectionist, and Toto, a boy whose father is killed in the war. The cinema nurtures Toto, providing him and the Sicilian village with life and hope amidst the bleak despair of World War II.

Here are some ideas to consider:

Write about one or more aspects of sentimentality, humor, nostalgia, and pragmatism that the film blends together. Does it reflect the richness of life? Do you think it is effective? How does the director develop character? Does it seem natural? How does he use camera, lighting, voice, and body language to do this? Discuss the blending of old films shown in the theater with the film itself. What do you learn about Italian history and society during the film? Does the film reflect changes in society? What are some themes the film presents? How does the director develop them? Discuss the relationship between Alfredo and Toto. Morocone is one of the most famous film composers, writing the scores for Sergio Leone's Spaghetti Westerns, particularly the "Dollar" series starring Clint Eastwood. Does the music capture the tone of the film? How is it used in the scenes for emotional effect or to underscore thematic ideas? How do Alfredo and the cinema nurture Toto? Why?
How does the cinema serve as a focal point for village life? How does that compare to the function of the Catholic Church in the village? How does the cinema serve as a metaphor for Toto's imagination? Are there scenes that could be either Toto's fantasy or reality? Is it sometimes difficult to tell the difference? Why? What are your thoughts about the ending?

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Singin' in the Rain Assignment

Photo of the famous song and dance
This delightful musical comedy transcends its genre. The seamless integration of beautifully performed song and dance routines into a plot about movie making avoids the typically awkward transitions between theatrical and musical scenes. The camera work, editing, and the exploration of color are so organic to the production that the viewer is immediately drawn into the experience. It is almost like sitting in the seat of a theater, watching a live performance. This is a movie that not only entertains, but does so at the highest artistic level.


Ideas to consider for the blog:

The use of color, line and form, particularly in the dream sequences. The flow of the camera and camera angles. Do they match the dancing and music? The choreography. The use of music. The wry spoofs about Hollywood and fame. The kinds of comedy that are used. The transitions between scenes. The technical problems that needed to be overcome in the transition from silent to talking films, and how the movie treats them.

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8 1/2 Assignment

Clip of film's opening dream sequence, one of the most famous in cinema. Click on this to view.


Guido, the main character, is a film director who is unable to decide how to finish his current film. He has lost his way and cannot rekindle his creativity. His exploration of the past, the dreamworld, and his relationships with people are the means to finding a path out of his moral wilderness. While this film explores the fickle nature of the creative process, it also serves to present a broader theme: everyone, at times, loses his or her way in life because of adversity. While this is part of the human condition, the film poses the question of how one picks up the pieces of a crumbling life to find a fresh vision and a renewed purpose.

Here are some throughts to consider for your blog:

What are some themes the film explores? Does Fellini use both "subjective" and "objective" camera? Give an example. Is it sometimes difficult to differentiate between the two? What is his purpose for this? Discuss his relationships with women. Why are so many perspectives presented? Discuss some of the explorations of his past. How do they influence his creativity or his character? Describe his relationship to the Church. What issues about this relationship does he present? How does the Church influence his character or his creativity? Discuss Fellini's use of music and sound. Discuss Fellini's use of Wagner's "Ride of the Valkeries" that is heard during the procession of people at the health spa. This music comes from Wagner's opera "Die Walkure" and is played when female messengers of the god Odin, the Valkerie, ride on their flying horses into battle and take the souls of the dead soldiers to Valhalla (heaven). Do you think it is a satire? What visual textures, motifs, and camera angles are used in the film? Do they serve a thematic purpose? How does Fellini distort the "objective" camera perspective? Why?

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400 Blows Assignment

Antoine in the classroom
This poignant coming of age story takes place in Paris, to which Truffaut pays homage in an opening scene that resembles a documentary. Uninvolved parents, oppressive schools, and rebellious petty crime are portrayed in Truffaut's semi-autobiographical account of Antoine's struggle to find direction in a life fraught with unsympathetic adults who offer little guidance.

Here are some ideas to consider for your blog:

Images rather than words are often used to tell the story in this film. For example, notice the elation of the two boys when they escape from the classroom and play hookey. The boys run down steps, their arms out as if to mimic flight. When the Antoine Doinel and Rene approach a flock of pigeons, the birds take flight, indicating the freedom the boys enjoy and wish they could always have. Can you think of other examples of Truffaut using images rather than words to convey his ideas? How are the thoughts of characters conveyed by images rather than words? The title The 400 Blows can be idiomatically translated as raising hell, which Antoine does. However, it also refers to the blows to his psyche caused by uncaring adults and institutions.
Comment on this relationship between the individual (Antoine) and society.
How does the viewing audience relate to the characters, settings, and events in the film. Why is it different from Citizen Kane,
The 7th Seal or Pan's Labyrinth? What does the director, Truffaut, do to create this relationship? How does the director use the camera? Are you often aware of the camera? Are you as aware of the camera as you are the story? What is his purpose in terms of themes or artistic vision? What are some of the themes in the film? What scenes or symbols of sexuality are presented, either subtly or not so subtly? Why is sexuality a subject in a film about a fourteen-year-old boy? Describe one or two of the adult characters. How are they seen in relation to Antoine. Why does Antoine take to life in the streets and what is Truffaut asserting? What are some examples of humor in the film? How does this us humor relate to the human condition or to the characters in the film? What kinds of identity does Antoine try to achieve? How does he do this? Are any of them successful? Why or why not?

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The Seventh Seal Assignment

Film Clip: The Knight Encounters Death. Click on this link to view the clip.
The Knight Plays Chess with Death
Disenchanted and returning home from the crusades of the 14th century, the Knight and the Squire find Denmark (Elsinore-Hamlet reference) ravaged by the plague. The Knight engages in a chess match with death: a metaphor for humans' awareness of the unpredictable nature of life. The Knight and the Squire seek life's meaning in their own ways, as each person is compelled to do on that journey. Thus, they come to terms with life, death, and the human condition differently. Ultimately, the film presents the idea that life itself is a gift that transcends human shortcomings, religious dogma, depravity, and death. Within each person lies the beauty and power of the human spirit. It is up to each of us to act upon our inherently noble moral qualities, and not succumb to the debased human instincts that reside beneath the veneer of civilization, whether God is watching or not.

Some ideas to consider for the blog:
Why does the film open with a bird silhoutted against the heavens and words from "The Book of Revelations"? What allegorical and symbolical ideas are presented (the vast expanses of landscape, the horses alone, the sea, the jagged cliffs, the waves , the cross on the knight's chest, the smoke, the chess match, etc.)? Remember, symbols can have more than one interpretation. How does Bergman use the camera? Consider camera angle, light and shadow, the positioning of the subjects, and scene cutting. How are music and sound used? How does the director present dramatic structure? What ideas about religion are shown? In what ways are the Knight's and the Squire's views about life similar or different?

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Paper as Final Exam: Schedule and Requirements

This is a schedule and the list of requirements if you are writing a paper for the final exam.

Download file "Final Exam Research-Blog-2-1.doc"

I am anxious to read your perceptive analyses about films.
I hope you will enjoy writing about something that is personally interesting.







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Sr. Research Project: Schedule and Requirements

This is a schedule and the list of requirements if you are doing a research project.

Download file "Senior Research Project-Blog-2-1-1.doc"

I am really excited about your ideas and interest.
I hope you will enjoy researching something that is personally interesting.

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Research proposal/Final exam

Please read the following attachment and write two blogs for Citizen Kane.

Download file "Project Proposal Guidelines for Blog.doc"

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Citizen Kane Assignment


Based loosely on the life of newspaper magnate William Randolph Hearst, Citizen Kane remains a landmark film for the exploration of character through innovative cinematic ideas. Welles reveals the irony of Charles Foster Kane's lonely journey through life as a spiritually failed man, despite his wealth and worldly attainments.

Here are some ideas for consider for the blog. The use of lighting that presages future film noir cinema. The inventive use of shadows following the the tradition of German Expressionists. The use of subjective camera, such as the paparazzi-style shot through the fence surrounding the nursing home. The splicing of studio-created documentary footage (and the effects used to convey the illusion of authenticity-notice the film's scratches, the deliberate over and underexposures,the camera movements, and inconsistent camera focus) with actual scenes from newsreels. The use of flashbacks and non-linear story telling. The use of moving camera.

Here are some other ideas to consider for your second blog. The use of symbols, such as the letter K monogrammed on Kane's bathrobe. Do you consider Kane a tragic hero? Find a definition for tragic hero and think about the characters of Macbeth and Hamlet. Low-angled shots that reveal ceilings-what does this say about character and setting? The changing perspectives or altered dimensions of objects and people within a sequence or scene. Layered sound and overlapping dialogue. The general control of sound. Characters that age during the film. Long, uninterrupted shots or long takes. The use of dissolves or wipes to make transitions, and a similar use of sound to make transitions. The complex presentation of character told from different points of view: The film begins by moving from the foreboding outside Kane's estate to the intimate moments of his death in the bed chamber. Next comes the news section that presents an idealized and external narrative of Kane's life. It then shifts to narration by Thatcher (Kane's guardian) through his memoirs that are read by the faceless reporter, Thompson, in the mausoleum. Next Thompson interviews the four surviving people who knew Kane well. The next section is narrated by Bernstein, Kane's chief editor at the newspaper. Jed Leland, Kane's former friend, narrates the next section. Then we have Susan Alexander's story, followed by the epilogue that picks up strands from the film's introduction and focuses on Xanadu, the house and Kane himself. In what ways does this develop his character? What are some ideas it presents about the complexity of character, human experience, society, and life?





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City Lights Assignment

City Lights is considered by most people to be one of the greatest films in the history of cinema. Chaplin resisted making talking films because he had found the perfect medium for his artistic vision. Although he later made talking movies that presented pointed social criticism, they never achieved the popularity of his silent films.

Here are some ideas to consider for your blog. How does Chaplin use the camera? Why does he make choices that are different from Griffith (The Birth of a Nation) or Eisenstein (The Battleship Potemkin). Compare and contrast.

Another idea to examine is discussing some ways Chaplin uses comedy. What areas of the human condition does he explore?

Still Photo City Lights

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The Battleship Potemkin Assignment

Link Youtube The Battleship Potemkin:Odessa Steps
Welcome to the film class blog! Please write your comments about The Battleship Potemkin in the "comments" space below these two movie still photos. Consider how Eisenstein uses one or more of the following to develop his themes: scene cutting, montage, light and shadow, camera angle, and symbols. Pick one or more of the preceding cinematic techniques to write about a theme. If more than three people make comments about the same idea or the same scene, choose something different to write about. Write at least three sentences for your blog.

Here are some additional ideas and questions to consider for your second blog. How does the single shot that combines into a montage serve the thematic idea of communism or the power of the individual in relation to the group ("one for all, and all for one")? Why does the director focus on a close-up (such as a clenched fist) and then cut to a group of people? How does the director achieve dramatic intensity (consider rising and falling action)? The symbol of glasses (they are prevalent in the film): Do people see what they want to see? Are they ironically blinded by their own preconceptions? What might the shattered glasses signify? How does Eisenstein use shadows? How does he use the contrast between light and dark? Why did Eisenstein choose to use the camera shot from the perspective of the dead sailors feet looking out toward the people? What are some other symbols of power and subjugation? Look at this duality from both the standpoint of those in power and from those who are oppressed. The film explores the idea of the dialectic (from Marx and Hegel). This is a passing from one concept to another that is in opposition. Do you notice opposites in the film? Do you note anything like a transfer of power from one group to another? Also, feel free to comment on anything else you notice that is not mentioned here!

I value your comments and reactions to the films we see, as do your fellow class members. There is a lot we can learn from each other. Please write about your thoughts and insights on this blog.

Thanks, Mr. Butler

Link to information about photo above.

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